Non-entangling vena cava filter

ABSTRACT

An implantable vessel filter including an elongated body coupled proximally to a hub, and including a grooved distal section. A first set of legs coupled proximally to the hub have a first length, each of the first set of legs translating from a collapsed state in a filter compressed configuration to an extended state in a filter expanded configuration. A second set of legs coupled proximally to the hub have a second length longer than the first length, each of the second set of legs including a hook positioned at a distal end thereof, each of the second set of legs translating from a collapsed state in the filter compressed configuration to an extended state in the filter expanded configuration, each hook received in the grooved distal section in the filter compressed configuration and penetrating a wall of a vessel in the filter expanded configuration.

PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/912,601, filed Aug. 4, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,704,267, which isincorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A vena cava filter is a device inserted into a blood vessel to captureparticles in the blood flow. Typically the device is inserted into amajor vein to prevent a blood clot from reaching the lungs. Patients whohave recently suffered from trauma, heart attack (myocardialinfarction), or underwent major surgical procedure (e.g., surgicalrepair of a fractured hip, etc.) may have thrombosis in a deep vein.When the thrombus clot loosens from the site of formation and travels tothe lung it may cause pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening condition.A vena cava filter may be placed in the circulatory system to interceptthe thrombi and prevent them from entering the lungs.

Examples of various blood vessel filters are disclosed in U.S. PatentApplication, Publication No. 2001/0000799 A1, titled “BODY VESSELFILTER” by Wessman et al., published May 3, 2001; U.S. PatentApplication, Publication No. 2002/0038097 A1, titled “ATRAUMATICANCHORING AND DISENGAGEMENT MECHANISM FOR PERMANENT IMPLANT DEVICE” byOstrovsky et al., published Sep. 26, 2002; U.S. Patent Application,Publication No. 2002/0193828 A1, titled “ENDOVASCULAR FILTER” by Griffinet al., published Dec. 19, 2002; U.S. Patent Application, PublicationNo. 2003/0199918 A1, titled “CONVERTIBLE BLOOD CLOT FILTER” by Patel etal., published Oct. 23, 2003; U.S. Patent Application, Publication No.2003/0208227 A1, titled “TEMPORARY VASCULAR FILTERS AND METHODS” byThomas, published Nov. 6, 2003; U.S. Patent Application, Publication No.2003/0208253 A1, titled “BLOOD CLOT FILTER” by Beyer et al., publishedNov. 6, 2003; U.S. Pat. No. 4,425,908, titled “BLOOD CLOT FILTER” issuedto Simon, dated Jan. 17, 1984; U.S. Pat. No. 4,643,184, titled “EMBOLUSTRAP” issued to Mobin-Uddin, dated Feb. 17, 1987; U.S. Pat. No.4,817,600, titled “IMPLANTABLE FILTER” issued to Herms et al., datedApr. 4, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,205, titled “PERCUTANEOUSANTI-MIGRATION VENA CAVA FILTER” issued to El-Nounou et al., dated Oct.22, 1991; U.S. Pat. No. 5,626,605, entitled “THROMBOSIS FILTER” issuedto Irie et al., dated May 6, 1997; U.S. Pat. No. 5,755,790, titled“INTRALUMINAL MEDICAL DEVICE” issued to Chevillon et al., dated May 26,1998; U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,026 B1, titled “REMOVABLE EMBOLUS BLOOD CLOTFILTER AND FILTER DELIVERY UNIT” issued to Ravenscroft et al., datedJul. 10, 2001; U.S. Pat. No. 6,497,709 B1, titled “METAL MEDICAL DEVICE”issued to Heath, dated Dec. 24, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,506,205 B2, titled“BLOOD CLOT FILTERING SYSTEM issued to Goldberg et al., dated Jan. 14,2003; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,517,559 B1, titled “BLOOD FILTER AND METHODFOR TREATING VASCULAR DISEASE” issued to O′Connell, dated Feb. 11, 2003;U.S. Pat. No. 6,540,767 B1, titled “RECOILABLE THROMBOSIS FILTERINGDEVICE AND METHOD” issued to Walak et al., dated Apr. 1, 2003; U.S. Pat.No. 6,620,183 B2, titled “THROMBUS FILTER WITH BREAK-AWAY ANCHORMEMBERS” issued to DiMatteo, dated Sep. 16, 2003; each of which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Typically the filter comprises a plurality of radially expandable legsthat supports one or more filter baskets which are conical inconfiguration. The device is adapted for compression into a small sizeto facilitate delivery into a vascular passageway and is subsequentlyexpandable into contact with the inner wall of the vessel. The devicemay later be retrieved from the deployed site by compressing theradially expanded legs and the associated baskets back into a small sizefor retrieval. The radially expandable leg may further compriseengagements for anchoring the filter in position within a blood vessel(e.g., vena cava). For example, the expandable legs may have hooks thatcan penetrate into the vessel wall and positively prevent migration ofthe filter in either direction along the length of the vessel. The bodyof the filter may comprise various biocompatible materials includingcompressible spring metals and shape memory materials to allow easyexpansion and compression of the filter within the vessel. The hooks onthe radially expandable legs may further comprise materials more elasticthan the legs to permit the hooks to straighten in response towithdrawal forces to facilitate withdrawal from the endothelium layerwithout risk of significant injury to the vessel wall. In one variation,the hooks are formed on the ends of a portion of the radially expandablelegs, but not on others.

Many of the existing vena cava filters routinely encounter problemsduring deployment due to entanglements of the radially expandable legs.This is especially problematic in designs with hooks implemented on theradially expandable legs. In the compressed/collapsed condition, thevarious hooks on the legs may interlock with other legs or hooks andrender the device useless. Thus, an improved filter design that canprevent entanglement and/or interlocking of the radially expandable legsmay be desirable. Such a design may improve the reliability of the venacava filter and improve the surgical success rate of filterimplantation. Such an improved design may also prevent the entanglementof the radially expandable legs when the device is collapsed into thecompressed position during the retrieval of the filter from its deployedlocation within the vessel.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, described herein is an implantable vessel filter with acenter-post configured to prevent entanglement of the filter's radiallyexpandable legs. This improved vessel filter may prevent the radiallyexpandable legs from entanglement and may further prevent the hooks onthe radially expandable legs from interlocking. In one variation, theimplantable vessel filter comprises a plurality of radially expandableelongated legs forming at least one conical-shaped filter when placed inthe expanded position. A center-post is provided along the longitudinalaxis of the filter to prevent the legs from entangling when the legs arecollapsed inward toward the longitudinal axis of the filter. Thecenter-post is configured to separate the legs and/or the associatedhooks in the collapsed position. Surface profiles such as grooves orledges may be provided on the center-post to separate the legs and/orhooks from each other. In one particular design, the distal portion ofthe center-post is configured with a plurality of cavities on thecircumferential surface for receiving the hooks located at the proximalend of the radially expandable legs.

In another variation, the implantable vessel filter comprises a sleeveat the proximal end of the device and a plurality of elongated legsextending from the sleeve towards the distal direction. The legs areradially expandable. In the expanded position, a first set of the legsforms a first conical-shaped filter basket, and a second set of the legsforms a second conical-shaped filter basket distal to the first basket.As least three of the legs from the second set of the legs have hooks onthem for anchoring into the vessel wall. Preferably, the hooks arelocated at the distal end of the legs. The implantable vessel filterfurther comprises a center-post connected to the sleeve and positionedalong the longitudinal axis of the filter. The center-post is configuredto prevent the legs from crossing the longitudinal axis so that thevarious legs do not entangle with each other and the hooks do notinterlock. Preferably, grooves are provided on the circumferentialsurface of the center-post to further maintain the separation of thehooks when the legs are placed in the compressed position.

The improved implantable vessel filter may provide one or more of thevarious advantages listed below: improved loading into the deliverysystem; improved deployability due to easier release of the radiallyexpandable legs; improved retrievability due to prevention of legentanglement when the legs are collapsed inward for removal from thedeployed site; trapping of significant emboli; good vessel patency andlimited thrombogenic response at the implantation site; minimalmigration along the length of the vessel after implantation; noperforation of the vessel wall; low profile for easy insertion; highdurability, fatigue resistance and biocompatibility.

These and other embodiments, features and advantages of the presentinvention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art whentaken with reference to the following more detailed description of theinvention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings that are firstbriefly described.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A illustrates one variation of an implantable vessel filter with acenter-post for preventing entanglements of the radially expandablelegs.

FIG. 1B shows the top view of the center-post of the implantable vesselfilter of FIG. 1A. Flanges are provided at the distal end of thecenter-post, protruding in the radial direction, for separating thehooks at the distal end of the radially expandable legs.

FIG. 1C is a diagram illustrating the placement of the hooks in betweenthe flanges at the distal end of the center-post. In this particularvariation, the height of the hooks is less than the height of theflanges in the radial direction from the center of the post, such thatthe flanges may prevent the hooks from tearing the inner walls of thevessel in the compressed position.

FIG. 2 illustrates another variation of the device where the wiringsextending from the center-post provide the medium for separating thelegs of the implantable vessel filter.

FIG. 3 illustrates yet another variation where the center-post hasembedded grooves for receiving the radially expandable legs of theimplantable vessel filter. In this variation, two sets of grooves areprovided, with one set of grooves for receiving a first set of legswhich forms the proximal filter basket, and a second set of grooves forreceiving a second set of legs which forms the distal filter basket. Thecorresponding radially expandable legs are omitted in this particularfigure.

FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of another variation of an implantablevessel filter.

FIG. 5 illustrates another variation where two attachments are providedon the center-post for receiving the legs. In this particular variation,a first attachment is provided at the distal end to receive the hooksfrom the distal legs, and a second attachment is provided alongmid-shaft of the center-post for receiving the proximal legs.

FIG. 6A illustrates another variation where the receiving slots areprovided on the center-post for receiving the legs and/or hooks when thedevice is compressed. In this variation, the slots are configured in astep-wise manner and in a helical pattern around the circumferentialsurface of the center-post. The corresponding legs are also configuredwith varying lengths that decrease in a step-wise manner in thecircumferential direction.

FIG. 6B illustrates yet another variation where the receiving slots areprovided on the center-post for receiving the legs and/or hooks when thedevice is compressed. In this variation, the slots are configured in astaggered fashion and the corresponding legs comprise of legs of twodifferent lengths forming a staggered pattern around the center-post.

FIG. 7A illustrates another variation where the attachment for receivingthe legs and/or hooks comprises a disk positioned on the center-post.The disk has slots/grooves for receiving the legs and separating thehooks from each other. The disk is shown without the corresponding legs.

FIG. 7B shows a top view of the center-post with the disk from FIG. 7A.In this figure the disk is shown with the corresponding legs positionedwithin the grooves on the disk.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following detailed description should be read with reference to thedrawings, in which like elements in different drawings are identicallynumbered. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depictselected preferred embodiments and are not intended to limit the scopeof the invention. The detailed description illustrates by way ofexample, not by way of limitation, the principles of the invention. Thisdescription will clearly enable one skilled in the art to make and usethe invention, and describes several embodiments, adaptations,variations, alternatives and uses of the invention, including what ispresently believed to be the best mode of carrying out the invention.

Before describing the present invention, it is to be understood thatunless otherwise indicated this invention need not be limited toapplications in humans. As one of ordinary skill in the art wouldappreciate, variations of the invention may be applied to other mammalsas well. Moreover, it should be understood that embodiments of thepresent invention may be applied in combination with various catheters,tubing introducers or other filter deployment devices for implantationand/or retrieval of the filter in a vessel within a patient's body.

A vena cava filter is used herein as an example application of thefilter device to illustrate the various aspects of the inventiondisclosed herein. In light of the disclosure herein, one of ordinaryskill in the art would appreciate that variations of the filter devicemay be applicable for placement in various blood vessels, hollow bodyorgans or elongated cavities in a human body for capturing particles ina fluid stream. It is also contemplated that the filter device describedherein may be implemented for capturing particles other than bloodclots.

It must also be noted that, as used in this specification and theappended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include pluralreferents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, forexample, the term “a hook” is intended to mean a single hook or acombination of hooks, “a fluid” is intended to mean one or more fluids,or a mixture thereof.

In one aspect of the invention, the implantable vessel filter 1comprises an elongated body acting as the center-post 2 of the device,as shown in FIG. 1A. A sleeve 4 is connected to the proximal end of thecenter-post. The proximal end 6 of the sleeve 4 may be tapered toprovide a bullet-shaped profile to facilitate the insertion and/orretrieval of the device in a vessel. A plurality of legs 8, 10 (e.g.,flexible or semi-flexible wiring, etc.) extending from the sleeve 4 inthe radial direction towards the distal end 12 of the device. The legs8, 10 are configured with materials such that they may be collapsedtoward the center-post 2 and positioned along the length of thecenter-post 2 for insertion and/or retrieval from a patient's vascularsystem. The plurality of legs comprises two sets of legs 8, 10. A firstset of six legs 8, when expanded, forms a first conical-shaped filterbasket centered around the center-post 2, which is on the longitudinalaxis of the device 1. A second set of six legs 10, when expanded, formsa second conical-shaped filter basket positioned distal to the firstbasket, which is also centered around the center-post 2. Hooks 14, 16,18, 20 are provided at the distal ends of the second set of legs 10 foranchoring the distal end of the second set of legs 10 into the walls ofthe vessel. An attachment 32 is provided at the distal end of the devicefor separating the hooks and preventing the hooks from interlocking witheach other. Optionally, the attachment 32 comprises a plurality offlanges protruding in the radial direction from the center-post. In onedesign variation, the flanges 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52 are spaced equallyaround the circumferential surface of the attachment with spacingapproximately 60 degrees apart, as shown in FIG. 1B. Each of the slots54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64 between the flanges 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52 may beconfigured to receive one hook. The height of the flanges 42, 44, 46,48, 50, 52 may be configured to be greater than the height of the hooks14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 in the radial direction, such that the tip of thehooks does not extend beyond the flanges when placed in the compressedposition, as illustrated in FIG. 1C. This may prevent the tip of thehooks from accidentally tearing the wall of the vessel and allowsmoother deployment and/or retrieval of the implantable vessel filterdevice.

In addition, the distal end of the center-post may be configured forattachment to a deployment device (e.g., introducer). For example,interlocking mechanisms matching the adaptor at an end of a deploymentdevice may be provided to secure the implantable vessel filter to thetip of the deployment device for delivery and/or deployment. In anothervariation, the attachment positioned at the distal end of thecenter-post may be configured to serve dual functions such that thecircumferential surface along the length of the attachment is configuredwith grooves for receiving and separating the hooks, while the distalend of the attachment is configured for interfacing with a deploymentdevice. The grooves may be configured as indentations, cavities, raisedsurface profiles such as flanges, and other changes in surface profile.Alternatively, the proximal end of the attachment may be configured withan interface (e.g., hook, loop, etc.) for interconnecting with adeployment device to facilitate deployment and/or retrieval of theimplantable vessel filter. In another variation, the device isconfigured such that in the compressed position the center-post extendsdistally beyond the length of the legs. At the distal end of theextended center-post, one may provide an interface or interlockingmechanism (e.g., hook, loop, etc.) for interconnecting with adeployment/retrieval device.

In yet another design variation, the center-post extends beyond proximalend of the sleeve and protrudes at the proximal end of the filter. Theproximal end of the center-post may be configured with an interface orinterlocking mechanism (e.g., hook, loop, etc.) for interconnecting witha filter deployment/retrieval device to facilitate deployment and/orretrieval of the implantable vessel filter.

Although in the example discuss above, the plurality of legs forms twofilter baskets along the longitudinal length of the device. One mayconfigure the device with only one filter basket, or alternatively withthree or more filter baskets. In addition, the device may be configuredwith three or more legs forming each basket and is not limited to thesix-legged basket as shown above. Also discussed earlier, barb feet(e.g., hooks) may be provided on the distal end of each leg. As one ofordinary skill in the art would appreciate, the precise length and angleof the barb feet may be designed to provide secure attachment to thevessel wall without causing perforation or tearing. Moreover, hooks maybe provided on all the distal legs or only on some of the distal legs.Hooks may also be provided on the proximal legs if desired. Furthermore,secondary struts may be provided for interconnecting two or more of theradially expandable legs. The secondary struts may increase wiringdensity for each filter basket, which may in turn increase the filterscapability to capture smaller particles.

The sleeve may be comprised of biocompatible metal, metal alloyed, orpolymeric materials. The legs may be comprised of metal (e.g., stainlesssteel, titanium, etc.), metal alloyed (e.g., titanium alloy, elgiloy, analloy comprises Cobalt-Nickel-Chromium, etc.), shape memory material(e.g., Nitinol), or polymeric materials (e.g., biocompatible plastics,etc.). The center-post may be comprised of metal, metal alloyed,polymeric materials or a combination thereof. For example, thecenter-post may be comprised of a metal alloyed core with polymericcoating on the outside. The grooves on the center-post for receiving thelegs and/or the hooks may be an integral part of the shaft of thecenter-post, or they may be provided through an attachment connected tothe center-post. The attachment may be comprised of metal, metalalloyed, polymeric material or a combination thereof.

In another variation, as shown in FIG. 2, the flanges 62, 64, 66, 68 atthe distal portion of the center-post comprise wirings extending fromthe shaft 70 of the center-post. The looped wiring provides the mediumto separate the hooks, while allowing fluid to flow through the centerof the loops to minimize disruption of blood flow along the length ofthe device. In yet another variation, grooves or cavities are providedalong the shaft of the center-post 2 for receiving the legs and/or thehooks. In one design, grooves are provided at the distal portion 72 ofthe shaft to receive the distal legs, with a hook at the distal end ofeach distal leg. In another design, the grooves are provided to receiveall the legs of the device. In one variation, shown in FIG. 3, a firstset of grooves 76 positioned along a proximal portion 74 of the shaft ofthe center-post 2 is provided to receive a first set of legs which formsa proximal filter basket, and a second set of grooves 78 positionedalong the length of the shaft is provided to receive a second set oflegs which form the distal filter basket. In FIG. 3, the filter deviceis shown without its corresponding radially expandable legs.

Referring now to FIG. 4, an expanded implantable vessel filter 82 isillustrated which is made from sets of elongate metal wires. In thisvariation, the wires are held together at the filter's proximal end by ahub 84 where they are plasma welded together to the hub or otherwisejoined. In the low temperature martensite phase of wires made of thermalshape memory material (e.g., Nitinol alloy), the sets of wires can bestraightened and held in a straight form that can pass through a lengthof fine plastic tubing with an internal diameter of approximately 2 mm(e.g., 8 French catheter). In its high temperature austenitic form, thevessel filter 82 recovers a preformed filtering shape as illustrated byFIG. 4. Similarly, wires of spring metal can be straightened andcompressed within a catheter or tube and will diverge into the filtershape of FIG. 4 when the tube is removed.

In its normal expanded configuration or preformed filtering shape, thevessel filter 82 comprises a double filter, having a first proximallypositioned basket section 86 and a second distally disposed filterbasket section 88. The two filter basket sections provide peripheralportions which can both engage the inner wall of a body vessel at twolongitudinally spaced locations, and the two filter basket sections aregenerally symmetrical about a longitudinal axis passing through the hub84. On the other hand, the first filter basket section 86, which may actas a centering unit, may not always touch the vessel wall on all sides.

The first filter basket section 86 is formed from short lengths of wire,which form legs 90 that extend angularly, outwardly and then downwardlyaway from the hub 84 and towards the distal end of the vessel filter 82.Each leg 90 has a first leg section 92 which extends angularly outwardlyfrom the hub 84 to a transition section 94, and an outer leg section 92extends angularly from the transition section 94 toward the distaldirection of the filter. The outer leg sections 96 are substantiallystraight lengths with ends which lie on a circle at their maximumdivergence and engage the wall of a vessel at a slight angle (preferablywithin a range of from ten to forty-five degrees) to center the hub 84within the vessel. For a filter which is to be removed by grasping thehub 84, it may be important for the hub to be centered. The filter maybe configured with six wires 90 of equal length extending radiallyoutward from the hub 84 and circumferentially spaced, such as, forexample, by sixty degrees of arc.

The second filter basket section 88 is the primary filter and caninclude up to twelve circumferentially spaced straight wires 102 formingdownwardly extending legs which tilt outwardly of the longitudinal axisof the filter 82 from the hub 84. A filter with a six wire configurationis discussed in this example, and the wires are of equal length.Alternatively, the length of the wiring may be staggered. The wires 102are preferably much longer than the wires 90, and have distal tipsections which are uniquely formed, outwardly oriented hooks 104 whichlie on a circle at the maximum divergence of the wires 102. There may befrom three to twelve wires 102 formed with hooks 104, and in someinstances, the wire legs 90 may include similarly formed hooks at thefree ends thereof. The wires 102, in their expanded configuration ofFIG. 4, are at a slight angle to the vessel wall, preferably within arange of from ten to forty-five degrees, while the hooks 104 penetratethe vessel wall to anchor the filter against movement. The wires 102 areradially offset relative to the wires 90 and may be positioned halfwaybetween the wires 90 and also may be circumferentially spaced by sixtydegrees of arc. Thus, the combined filter basket sections 86 and 88 canprovide a wire positioned at every thirty degrees of arc at the maximumdivergence of the filter sections. The filter section 88 forms a concavefilter basket opening toward the distal end of the filter 82 while thefilter section 86 forms a concave filter proximal of the filter section88.

The vessel filter further comprises a center-post 112 positioned alongthe longitudinal axis of the filter with the proximal end of thecenter-post 112 connected to the hub 84. At the distal portion of thecenter-post, a raised surface profile 114 provides grooves for receivingthe hooks 104 on the distal end of the distal legs 102. Preferably, eachof the hooks 104 is provided with a corresponding groove on the shaft ofthe center-post 112. Alternatively, the grooves may be proved on theshaft to receive a portion of the distal leg 102 instead of the hook104, thereby keeping the distal legs 102 from entangling with eachother. In addition, the center-post 112 may have distal section 116extending beyond the hook interface region 118. The extended distalsection 116 may be configured to facilitate the handling of the vesselfilter for pre-deployment preparation, deployment or extraction.

Furthermore, the hooks 114 on the distal legs may be further configuredsuch that withdrawal force to which the hook is subjected will causeflexure in the juncture sections 120 so that the hook extends in thedistal direction of the filter to a position parallel or semi-parallelwith the axis of the leg 102. For example, the juncture section 120 mayhave considerably reduced cross-section relative to the cross-section ofthe leg 102 and the remainder of the hook 104 so that the stress exertedby the withdrawal tension may force it to bend outward. With the hook sostraightened, it can be withdrawn without tearing the vessel wall,leaving only a small puncture. In an alternative design, the entire hook104 can be formed with a cross-section throughout its length which isless than that of the leg 102. This may result in straightening of thehook over its entire length in response to a withdrawal force. Thiselasticity in the hook structure may prevent the hook from tearing thevessel wall during withdrawal.

In another design, the vessel filter comprises two or more sets ofgrooves positioned along the length of the center-post for receiving thelegs and/or hooks. The different sets of grooves may be provided on twoor more attachments, with each attachment supporting one set of grooves.In one example, shown in FIG. 5, two attachments 32, 130 are providedalong the length of the center-post 2 for receiving the legs 8, 10. Afirst attachment 32 is positioned at the distal end 12 of thecenter-post 2 for receiving the hooks 14, 16, 18, 20 from the distallegs 10. The hooks 14, 16, 18, 20 may be in a curved configuration whenthey are placed into the grooves on the attachment. Alternatively, thehooks 14, 16, 18, 20 may be straightened before they are placed withinthe grooves. A second attachment 130 is positioned along the mid-sectionof the center-post 2 and configured to receive the proximal legs 8. Inthis variation, each of the legs has a corresponding groove forreceiving that leg.

Although it is preferable that each groove is designed for receiving acorresponding leg, one may also design an attachment or surface profileon the center-post with a plurality of grooves that are not pre-assignedto specific legs, such that when the legs are compressed, the legs wouldnaturally fall into one of the convenient grooves. Preferably, each ofthe groove is design to receive one leg/hook, so that once a groove isfilled by a leg, it would prevent a second leg from entering the samegroove and forcing the second leg to go into an nearby groove.

In yet another design, the legs of the vessel filter may have varyinglengths and corresponding groves are provided on the center-post toreceive the legs. In one variation, the legs 142, 144, 146, 148 withhooks are provided in a step-wise configuration forming a helicalpattern along the circumferential direction around the center-post 2, asshown in FIG. 6A. Slots/grooves 152, 154, 156, 158 are provided on thecenter-post 2 where each of the slots has a length that matches theextension of the corresponding leg. The slots may be configured toreceive the legs with their hooks in the curved position. Alternatively,the slots may be configured to receive the legs with their hooksstraightened out. It is also contemplated that the slots/grooves may beconfigured to receive the legs with the hooks in either curved orstraightened position.

In another variation, the length of the distal legs 162, 164, 166, 168are staggered with one set of legs 162, 166 longer than the other set oflegs 164, 168, as shown in FIG. 6B. In this particular configurationeach of the short legs are place in between two long legs. Slots 172,174, 176, 178 corresponding to the staggered legs are provided on theshaft of the center-post 2 for receiving the distal portion of each ofthe legs 162, 164, 1666, 168. As discussed earlier, depending on theparticular design of the hook mechanism, the hook on each of the legsmay be in a curved position or a straight position when compressed ontothe center-post.

In another design, a disk 180 is provided on the center-post 2 forreceiving the legs and/or hooks when the legs are compressed. FIG. 7Aillustrates one variation where a disk 180 is positioned at the distalportion of the center-post 2. The periphery of the disk is configuredwith grooves/slots 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 192 for receiving the legsof the vessel filter when the legs are compressed toward the center-post2. In the variation shown in FIG. 7A, one disk 180 is provided at thedistal portion of the center-post 2, and the center-post 2 protrude fromthe disk 180 and extends distally, as shown in FIG. 7A. Alternatively,the disk may be placed at the distal end of the center-post. FIG. 7Billustrates the position of the corresponding legs 194, 196, 198, 200,202, 204 when they are placed within the grooves 182, 184, 186, 188,190, 192 on the disk 180. The center-post may be configured with one,two or more disk. In another variation, two disks are provided along thelength of the center-post. A disk is provided at the distal portion ofthe center-post for receiving the distal legs by capturing each of thelegs at its distal portion or distal end. A second disk is provided atthe mid-shaft, and it is configured with one set of grooves forreceiving the distal legs (capturing each leg at its mid-section), and asecond set of grooves for receiving the proximal legs.

The implantable vessel filter disclosed herein may be inserted invarious vessels throughout the human body. Two common applications are(1) insertion through the right or left femoral artery for placementwithin the inferior vena cava, and (2) insertion into the jugular veinat the neck, also for placement at the inferior vena cava. In oneexample, the implantable vessel filter is prepared by collapsing thelegs of the filter onto the center-post and making sure that the each ofthe hooks are aligned with its corresponding grooves/cavities on thecenter-post. The compressed vessel filter is then placed into a deliveryassembly with the filter hooks close to the distal opening of thedelivery assembly (i.e., the distal end of the vessel filter alignedtowards distal end of the delivery assembly). The surgeon first locatesa suitable jugular or subclavian vein. An incision is made to access thevein. A guide-wire is inserted into the vein and advanced towards theinferior vena cava. An introducer sheath together with its tapereddilator is advanced over the guide-wire, and the distal portion of theintroducer sheath is advanced into the inferior vena cava. Theguide-wire and the dilator are then removed leaving the introducersheath with its tip in the inferior vena cava. Venacavavogram or otherimaging techniques may be used to position the introducer sheath foroptimal placement of the vessel filter. The delivery assembly loadedwith the vessel filter is then inserted into the introducer sheath andadvanced towards the inferior vena cava. Once the delivery assembly inpositioned for desired placement of the vessel filter, the surgeon maythen pull back on the introducer hub to retract both the introducersheath and the delivery assembly. The pusher pad inside of the deliveryassembly will force the vessel filter to exit the delivery assembly andrelease the filter's legs. The delivery assembly and the introducersheath may then be removed.

In another example, the vessel filter is inserted through the femoralartery. A guide-wire is inserted through the femoral artery and advancedtoward the inferior vena cava. Once the guide-wire is in place, anintroducer catheter together with its tapered dilator is inserted overthe guide-wire. The introducer catheter is advanced toward the inferiorvena cava and positioned just below the renal veins. The guide-wire andthe dilator are then removed, leaving the introducer catheter with itsdistal tip in the inferior vena cava. A filter storage tube, which holdsthe vessel filter with its legs compressed on the center-post grooves,is then attached directly to the proximal end of the introducercatheter. A pusher wire is then used to push the vessel filter into theintroducer catheter with the proximal end of the vessel filter in theforward advancing direction and the pusher wire pushing on the distalend of the vessel filter. The surgeon may then continuously advance thefilter toward the distal end of the introducer catheter by pushing andforwarding the pusher wire. Once the proximal end of the filter reachesthe distal end of the introducer catheter, the surgeon may stop theadvancement of the filter. Holding the pusher wire stationary, thesurgeon may then withdraw the introducer catheter and release the vesselfilter allowing the legs of the filter to expand radially. Theintroducer catheter and the pusher wire are then withdrawn from thepatient's body.

To remove the deployed filter, one may insert an introducer catheter,with the assistance of a guide-wire and a tapered dilator, into thejugular vein and advance the introducer catheter down to the position ofthe deployed vessel filter. A recovery cone is inserted into theintroducer catheter and advanced towards the distal end of theintroducer catheter by moving a pusher shaft forward into the introducercatheter. Once the recover cone reaches the distal end of the introducercatheter, the introducer catheter is unsheathed to open the recoverycone. The recovery cone is then advanced forward and over the filter tipby advancing the pusher shaft. One may then close the recovery cone overthe filter tip by advancing the introducer catheter over the cone whileholding the pusher shaft stationary. The closing of the recovery coneforces the legs of the vessel filter to collapsed onto the shaft of thecenter-post while forcing the hooks on each of the legs into theircorresponding grooves on the shaft of the center-post. The vessel filteris then drawn into the lumen of the introducer catheter, and theintroducer catheter along with the vessel filter is then withdrawn fromthe body of the patient.

This invention has been described and specific examples of the inventionhave been portrayed. While the invention has been described in terms ofparticular variations and illustrative figures, those of ordinary skillin the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to thevariations or figures described. In addition, where methods and stepsdescribed above indicate certain events occurring in certain order,those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the ordering ofcertain steps may be modified and that such modifications are inaccordance with the variations of the invention. Additionally, certainof the steps may be performed concurrently in a parallel process whenpossible, as well as performed sequentially as described above.Therefore, to the extent there are variations of the invention, whichare within the spirit of the disclosure or equivalent to the inventionsfound in the claims, it is the intent that this patent will cover thosevariations as well. Finally, all publications and patent applicationscited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference intheir entirety as if each individual publication or patent applicationwere specifically and individually put forth herein.

1. An implantable vessel filter, comprising: an elongated body coupledproximally to a hub, and including a grooved distal section; a first setof legs coupled proximally to the hub and having a first length, each ofthe first set of legs translating from a collapsed state in a filtercompressed configuration to an extended state in a filter expandedconfiguration; and a second set of legs coupled proximally to the huband having a second length longer than the first length, each of thesecond set of legs including a hook positioned at a distal end thereof,each of the second set of legs translating from a collapsed state in thefilter compressed configuration to an extended state in the filterexpanded configuration, each hook received in the grooved distal sectionin the filter compressed configuration and penetrating a wall of avessel in the filter expanded configuration.
 2. The implantable vesselfilter according to claim 1, wherein the grooved distal sectioncomprises a plurality of flanges extending radially outward from thedistal section and a plurality of slots between the flanges.
 3. Theimplantable vessel filter according to claim 2, wherein the flanges areevenly spaced around a circumferential surface of said elongated body.4. The implantable vessel filter according to claim 1, wherein each ofthe first set of legs includes a first leg section extending angularlyoutward from the hub in the filter expanded configuration and a secondleg section extending angularly from the first leg section toward thegrooved distal section.
 5. The implantable vessel filter according toclaim 4, wherein the second leg section is substantially straight. 6.The implantable vessel filter according to claim 1, wherein the firstset of legs and the second set of legs comprise a shape memory metal. 7.The implantable vessel filter according to claim 1, wherein each hook isformed with a maximum migration resistance force such that a proximalwithdrawal force applied to the hook that is in excess of the filtermaximum migration resistance force will cause the hook to straighten andbend toward a filter longitudinal axis.
 8. The implantable vessel filteraccording to claim 1, wherein the hub comprises a retrieval interlockingmechanism.
 9. The implantable vessel filter according to claim 8,wherein the retrieval interlocking mechanism is a retrieval hook. 10.The implantable vessel filter according to claim 1, wherein a distal endof the elongated body extends beyond the distal ends of each of thesecond set of legs in the filter compressed configuration.
 11. Theimplantable vessel filter according to claim 10, further comprising ahook positioned at the distal end of the elongated body.
 12. Theimplantable vessel filter according to claim 1, wherein the second setof legs comprises six legs, and wherein the distal section includes sixflanges configured to separate the hooks on the distal end of the legsin the filter compressed configuration, the flanges spaced approximatelyequidistant from each other.